PHENOLIC
PROPERTIES
- Excellent dielectric strength
- Good machinability
- Light weight
- Heat and wear resistant
- Resists corrosion and chemicals
- Good mechanical strength & dimensional stability
- Low moisture absorption
|
APPLICATIONS
- Terminal boards
- Switches
- Bearings
- Gears
- Wear strips
- Gaskets
- Washers
- Transformers
- Machining components
- Industrial laminates
|
Phenolic sheet is a hard, dense material made by applying heat and
pressure to layers of paper or glass cloth impregnated with synthetic
resin. These layers of laminations are usually of cellulose paper, cotton
fabrics, synthetic yarn fabrics, glass fabrics or unwoven fabrics. When
heat and pressure are applied to the layers, a chemical reaction
(polymerization) transforms the layers into a high-pressure thermosetting
industrial laminated plastic.
PAPER REINFORCED PHENOLIC
NEMA X per MIL-I-24768/12 PBM
NEMA XX per MIL-I-24768/11 PBG
NEMA XXX per MIL-I-24768/10 PBE
Normal electrical applications, moderate mechanical strength, continuous
operating temperature of 250°F.
CANVAS REINFORCED PHENOLIC
NEMA C per MIL-I-24768/16 TYPE FBM
NEMA CE per MIL-I-24768/14 TYPE FBG
Good mechanical and impact strength with contiunuous operating
temperature of 250°F.
LINEN REINFORCED PHENOLIC
NEMA L per MIL-I-24768/15 TYPE FBI
NEMA LE per MIL-I-24768/13 TYPE FBE
Good mechanical & electrical strength. Recommended for intricate
high strength parts. Continuous operating temperature 250°F.
NYLON REINFORCED PHENOLIC
NEMA N-1 per MIL-I-24768/9 TYPE NPG
Superior electrical properties under humid conditions, fungus resistant,
continuous operating temperature of 160°F.
PHENOLIC PROPERTY COMPARISON CHART
| MADE WITH |
USED IN |
FEATURES |
NEMA GRADE |
COLOR |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, intricate punch parts, insulating washers, switch bases. terminal boards |
Requires little to no preheating. good cold shearing, cold punch |
XPXPXP |
TanBlackChocolate |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, intricate punch parts |
Excellent cold punch and cold shearing |
XPCXPCXPC |
ChocolateTanBlack |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, punch parts 3/32" max thickness |
Non Nema, warm punch |
|
Tan Chocolate Black |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade |
Non Nema, warm punch |
|
Tan Chocolate Black |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, terminal boards, structural parts, switch bases, washers, panels |
General purpose. high mechanical strength, electrical properties are secondary |
X |
Natural |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Electrical grade, switch board panels, relay and switch bases, breaker arms, barriers |
Electrical insulation in dry or humid conditions, good machining, fair mechanical strength |
XXXX |
NaturalBlack |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Electrical grade, panel boards, high voltage switch, gear, radio, television panels |
Electrical insulation, high humidity resistance, good dimensional stability, excellent resistance to splitting |
XXXXX |
Natural |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, intricate punch parts, insulating washers, switch bases, terminal boards |
Solid black color throughout, requires little to no preheating, good cold shear and punch |
XP |
Black |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, thick punch parts 3/32" through 1/4" |
Ultra Soft punch plate, cold punch. Solid black color throughout |
XPCXPC |
NaturalBlack |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Electrical grade, punch parts, electronic equipment, insulating washers and spacers |
Electrical insulation, low dielectric losses in severe humidity, warm punch |
XXP |
Tan |
| PAPERPHENOLIC |
Electrical grade, punch parts, radio & TV terminal boards, panels, U.L. listed as 65M03 unclad |
Cold punch and shearing, high insulation resistance and low dielectric losses under severe humidity |
XXXPC |
Natural |
| FINE WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, fine tooth gears, radio parts, terminal boards |
High mechanical strength, good appearance, good machining qualities |
L |
Natural |
| FINE WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Electrical - mechanical grade, marine relay bases, terminal bases and strips, radio parts, high humidity applications |
Electrical and mechanical strength, moisture resistance |
LELE |
NaturalBlack |
| FINE WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade - for fine machined parts, gears, radio parts, terminal boards |
Fine weave canvas where better than CE machining characteristics are required & grade L cannot be justified |
|
Natural |
| MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, gears, pinions, spacers, structural applications |
Economy grade, high impact strength, good mechanical properties |
C |
Natural |
| MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical - electrical grade, small gears, pinions, radio parts, marine switch board panels |
Economy grade, good acid resistance, low voltage, low frequency electrical performance |
CE |
Natural |
| MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, marine bearings, piston and packing rings, pump valve, doctor blades, marine Phenolic |
Low moisture absorption, dimensional stability |
|
Natural |
| MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, valves, plating tanks |
Low moisture absorption, good dimensional stability, good resistance to acids and
alkalies |
|
Natural |
| MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, support blocks, spacers for liquid oxygen tanks |
Special formulation for cryogenic applications, property retention at extremely low temperatures |
|
Natural |
| MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, packing rings, pistons, bearings |
Canvas with molybdenum disulfide, low coefficient of friction |
|
Green |
| MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, wire stranders, heat dissipation applications |
Canvas with copper screen |
|
Natural |
| MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, pistons, packing rings, textile mill bearings |
Canvas with graphite, self-lubricating, low coefficient of friction |
|
Black |
| GLASS CLOTH MELAMINE |
Electrical - mechanical grade, switch board panels, arc barriers, circuit breaker parts, structural electrical parts |
High mechanical strength high arc and heat resistance, self-extinguishing, excellent electrical properties under dry conditions |
G-5 |
Gray |
| GLASS CLOTH MELAMINE |
Electrical - mechanical grade, marine switch board panels, structural parts |
High mechanical strength, high arc and heat resistance, self-extinguishing, excellent electrical properties under dry and humid conditions |
G-9 |
Gray |
| GLASS CLOTH SILICONE |
Electrical grade, class H insulation, heating-appliance insulation |
Good electrical properties under humid conditions, excellent heat and arc resistance, self-extinguishing |
G-7 |
White |
| GLASS CLOTH EPOXY |
Electrical - mechanical grade, terminal boards, high humidity applications, U.L. listed as 65M38 unclad |
High flexural, impact and bond strength at room temperatures, good electrical properties under dry and humid conditions |
G-10 |
Green |
| GLASS CLOTH EPOXY |
Electrical - mechanical grade, rotor slot insulation, structural members at elevated temperatures |
High mechanical strength at temperatures up 150°C, retains 50% of its flexural strength at elevated temperatures |
G-11 |
Green |
Typical properties of PHENOLICS
|
ASTM or UL test
|
Property
|
General purpose
|
Impact
|
Non bleeding
|
Electrical
|
Heat resistant
|
Glass reinforced
|
Chemical resistant compound
|
|
PHYSICAL
|
|
D792
|
Specific gravity
|
1.35- 1.46
|
1.36- 1.41
|
1.37- 1.38
|
1.36- 1.75
|
1.41- 1.84
|
1.7- 2.0
|
1.37- 1.75
|
|
D570
|
Water absorption, 24 hours, 1/8 inch thick (%)
|
0.6-0.7
|
0.6-0.9
|
0.8-0.9
|
0.05- 0.20
|
0.30- 0.35
|
0.05- 0.2
|
0.20- 0.40
|
|
MECHANICAL
|
|
D651
|
Tensile strength (psi)
|
6,500- 7,000
|
6,000- 7,000
|
6,000- 7,000
|
5,000- 7,000
|
5,000- 6,000
|
6,000- 12,000
|
7,000- 9,000
|
|
D790
|
Flexural modulus (10~5 psi)
|
11-13
|
12
|
10
|
17-25
|
14
|
20-30
|
10
|
|
D790
|
Flexural strength (psi)
|
9,000- 11,000
|
10,000
|
10,000
|
9,000- 11,000
|
10,000
|
12,000- 24,000
|
9,500
|
|
D256
|
Impact strength, izod (ft-lb/in. of notch)
|
0.30- 0.35
|
0.6- 1.05
|
0.28
|
0.28- 0.45
|
0.26
|
0.4-1.5
|
0.50
|
|
D785
|
Hardness, Rockwell E
|
70-95
|
82
|
82
|
75-88
|
94
|
92-104
|
76
|
|
THERMAL
|
|
C177
|
Thermal conductivity (10~4 cal - cm/sec- cm~2- °C)
|
7.1
|
7.9
|
-
|
16.0
|
-
|
-
|
8.8
|
|
D696
|
Coefficient of thermal expansion (10~5 in./in.-°C)
|
3.95
|
3.56
|
4.40
|
2.60
|
2.80
|
1.80
|
3.60
|
|
D648
|
Deflection temperature (°F)
At 264 psi
|
275-360
|
270-500
|
370
|
310-400
|
330-380
|
370-550
|
360-430
|
|
UL94
|
Flammability rating 1/8 inch
|
V-1
|
HB
|
-
|
V-0
|
V-0
|
V-0
|
HB
|
|
ELECTRICAL
|
|
D149
|
Dielectric strength (V/mil) short time, 1/8 in. thick
|
350
|
350-400
|
200
|
400
|
170
|
400
|
175
|
|
D150
|
Dielectric constant At 1kHz
|
5.2-5.3
|
5.2-5.4
|
-
|
4.9-6.5
|
11.7
|
4.4
|
7.8
|
|
D150
|
Dissipation factor At 1kHz
|
0.04- 0.05
|
0.04- 0.06
|
-
|
0.025- 0.10
|
0.15
|
0.03
|
0.12
|
|
D257
|
Volume resistivity (ohm-cm) At 73°F, 50% RH
|
10~11- 10~12
|
10~11- 10~12
|
10~12
|
10~11- 10~13
|
10~12
|
10~12
|
10~11
|
|
D495
|
Arc resistance(s)
|
100
|
50
|
-
|
184
|
181
|
181
|
-
|
CLICK HERE FOR A PHENOLIC PROPERTY COMPARISON CHART
Thermoset Plastic Laminate.
Thermoset Plastic Laminate is a
uniformly dense and structurally strong material that
will not soften appreciably under the reapplication of
heat. It is an extremely durable plastic that is lightweight
and moisture resistant. Industrial laminates
are thermoset resin impregnated reinforcing materials
(paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, etc.) that are cured
under heat and pressure to form solid shapes having
high mechanical and electrical insulating properties.
Laminates are available in sheet, rod, tube, and angle.
Since laminates are comprised of a combination of
materials, they are also referred to as composites.
Standard stock grades include:
G1O/FR4 Glass Reinforced
Epoxy - natural (yellowish to light green) The most
versatile all around laminate, this grade is a continuous
glass woven fabric base impregnated with an
epoxy resin binder. It has extremely high mechanical
strength, good dielectric loss properties, and good electric
strength properties, both wet and dry. Certifies to
Mil-I-24768/27 GEE-F
G11/FRS Glass Reinforced
Epoxy - natural (yellow green to amber) This grade is
similar to G10/FR4, with the addition of a higher operating
temperature and some improved mechanical
strength at elevated temperatures. Certifies to Mil-I-24768/28 GEB -F
G5/G9 Class Reinforced
Melamine - natural (grayish brown) This grade is composed
of a continuous glass woven cloth base impregnated
with a melamine resin binder. Melamine is the
hardest of all laminates, exhibiting good dimensional
stability and are resistance. It is also caustic resistant.
Certifies to Mil-I-24768/1 CME
G7 Glass Reinforced Silicone -
natural (cream to white) Composed of a continuous
glass woven cloth base impregnated with a silicone
resin binder,this grade has excellent heat and are resistance.
It has extremely good dielectric loss properties
under dry conditions and good electrical properties
under humid conditions, although the percentage of
change is high. Certifies to Mil-I-24768117 GSG
X/XX/XXX Paper
Reinforced Phenolic - natural (tan) This grade is composed
of a paper base impregnated with a phenolic
resin binder. It has good electric strength properties
with fair mechanical strength. Outstanding for use as
template material and or backup material. Certifies to
Mil-I-24768112 PBM,I11 PBG and /10 PBE
C/CE Cotton Fabric
Reinforced Phenolic - natural (light tan to brown) This
grade is composed of a continuous cotton woven cloth
impregnated with a phenolic resin binder. This grade
contains a medium weave canvas and is known primarily
for it's mechanical properties. This grade is not
recommended for primary insulation. Certifies to Mil-
I-24768/14 FBG
Linen L/LE Cotton Fabric
Reinforced Phenolic - natural (light tan to brown) This
grade is composed of a continuous cotton woven cloth
impregnated with a phenolic resin binder. This grade
contains a fine weave linen and, like the canvas phenolic,
is known for it's mechanical properties. The finer
weave allows for machining more intricate details than
Canvas, like gear teeth. This grade is not recommended.
for primary insulation. Certifies to Mil-I-24768/13 FBE
Mat Glass Reinforced
Polyester - GPO-1 (tan) and GPO-3 (red) These grades
are composed of random mat (non-woven) fiberglass
reinforcement held together by a polyester resin
binder. GPO-3 offers superior arc and track
resistance.
THERMOSET SHEET TOLERANCES
All measurements are in inches
THICKNESS
Decimal
Inches |
ALL
Glass
Grades |
ALL
GPO
Grades |
ALL
Paper
Grades |
C
Canvas
Grade |
CE
Canvas
Grade |
L
Linen
Grade |
LE
Linen
Grade |
| .005 |
±.001 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| .010 |
±.002 |
- |
±.002 |
- |
- |
±.003 |
±.003 |
| .015 |
±.003 |
- |
±.0025 |
- |
- |
±.0035 |
±.0035 |
| .020 |
±.004 |
- |
±.003 |
- |
- |
±.004 |
±.004 |
| .025 |
±.0045 |
- |
±.0035 |
- |
- |
±.004 |
±.004 |
| .031 |
±.0065 |
±.0075 |
±.0035 |
±.0065 |
±.0065 |
±.005 |
±.005 |
| .047 |
±.0075 |
- |
±.0045 |
±.0075 |
±.0075 |
±.0055 |
±.0055 |
| .062 |
±.0075 |
±.0075 |
±.005 |
±.0075 |
±.0075 |
±.006 |
±.006 |
| .093 |
±.009 |
±.009 |
±.007 |
±.009 |
±.009 |
±.007 |
±.007 |
| .125 |
±.012 |
±.010 |
±.008 |
±.010 |
±.010 |
±.008 |
±.008 |
| .156 |
±.015 |
±.011 |
±.009 |
±.011 |
±.011 |
±.009 |
±.009 |
| .187 |
±.019 |
±.0125 |
±.010 |
±.0125 |
±.0125 |
±.010 |
±.010 |
| .250 |
±.022 |
±.015 |
±.012 |
+.030 |
±.015 |
+.024 |
±.012 |
| .312 |
±.026 |
- |
±.0145 |
+.035 |
±.0175 |
+.029 |
±.0145 |
| .375 |
±.030 |
±.020 |
±.017 |
+.040 |
±.020 |
+.034 |
±.017 |
| .437 |
±.033 |
- |
±.019 |
+.044 |
±.022 |
+.038 |
±.019 |
| .500 |
±.036 |
±.024 |
±.021 |
+.048 |
±.024 |
+.042 |
±.021 |
| .625 |
±.040 |
±.027 |
±.024 |
+.053 |
±.027 |
+.053 |
±.024 |
| .750 |
±.043 |
±.029 |
±.027 |
+.058 |
±.029 |
+.054 |
±.027 |
| .875 |
±.046 |
- |
±.030 |
+.062 |
±.031 |
+.060 |
±.030 |
| 1.000 |
±.049 |
±.033 |
±.033 |
+.065 |
±.033 |
+.065 |
±.033 |
| 1.250 |
±.055 |
- |
±.037 |
+.073 |
±.037 |
+.073 |
±.037 |
| 1.500 |
±.061 |
- |
±.041 |
+.081 |
±.041 |
+.081 |
±.041 |
| 1.750 |
±.067 |
- |
±.045 |
+.089 |
±.045 |
+.089 |
±.045 |
| 2.000 |
±.073 |
- |
±.049 |
+.097 |
±.049 |
+.097 |
±.049 |
Sheet tolerance thickness - At least 90% of the sheet will measure within the tolerance given in the above table.
Sheet tolerance Length and Width - The tolerance in length and width of standard sheet sizes will be plus or minus 1" from standard.
Thickness
range "
from - to |
Percentage
warp & twist
allowed |
36" width
warp (")
allowed |
48" length
warp (")
allowed |
| .031 - .062 |
5.0% |
1.800 |
2.400 |
| .063 - .125 |
2.5% |
.900 |
1.200 |
| .126 - 2.50 |
1.0% |
.360 |
.480 |
| .251 - .750 |
0.5% |
.180 |
.240 |
| .750 - max |
0.25% |
.090 |
.120 |
Sheet tolerance Warp and Twist - In the case of warp, this percentage is stated in terms of the lateral dimensions (length or width); in the case of twist, one corner to the diagonally opposite corner.
** The value for grade G-7 is 1.5 percent
Note 1- These values do not apply to cut pieces but only to sheet sizes manufactured.
Note 2- For method of measuring warp and twist, see ASTM-D-709
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